御史中丞

御史中丞
(御史中丞, 禦史中丞) 官名。 汉以为御史大夫之佐, 亦称御史中执法, 秩千石, 在殿中兰台掌图籍秘书; 外督部刺史, 监察郡国行政; 内领侍御史, 考察四方文书计簿, 按劾公卿章奏。 西汉末, 御史大夫改名大司空, 中丞遂为御史台长官。 从东汉到南北朝, 中丞的权威颇重, 曹操一度改称宫正。 此时御史大夫废置不常。 北魏一度改中丞为中尉。 北齐仍以中丞为台长。 隋讳"中"(与"忠"同音), 有大夫而无中丞。 唐、 宋大夫、 中丞并置, 而大夫往往缺位, 仍以中丞为台长。 唐中丞秩正四品下。 明改御史台为都察院, 副都御史即相当于前代的御史中丞。 因副都御史常出任巡抚, 清各省巡抚例兼右都副御史官衔, 故明、 清巡抚亦称中丞。
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(禦史中丞, 御史中丞) 官名。 漢以為御史大夫之佐, 亦稱禦史中執法, 秩千石, 在殿中蘭台掌圖籍秘書; 外督部刺史, 監察郡國行政; 內領侍御史, 考察四方文書計簿, 按劾公卿章奏。 西漢末, 御史大夫改名大司空, 中丞遂為禦史台長官。 從東漢到南北朝, 中丞的權威頗重, 曹操一度改稱宮正。 此時御史大夫廢置不常。 北魏一度改中丞為中尉。 北齊仍以中丞為台長。 隋諱"中"(與"忠"同音), 有大夫而無中丞。 唐、 宋大夫、 中丞並置, 而大夫往往缺位, 仍以中丞為台長。 唐中丞秩正四品下。 明改禦史台為都察院, 副都禦史即相當於前代的禦史中丞。 因副都禦史常出任巡撫, 清各省巡撫例兼右都副禦史官銜, 故明、 清巡撫亦稱中丞。

Chinese Collegiate Historical dictionary of bureaucratic ranks (Simple and traditional Chinese characters). 2013.

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